Abstract

Malignant neoplasms are a significant public health problem in Russia.All malignant neoplasms mortality is second only to cardiovascular disease in the mortality structure of the Russian population, and Russia is one of the ten countries with the highest male mortality rates.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in men worldwide.In addition, prostate cancer is not only the most common urological cancer, but also the most common cause of death among all urological diseases.

Notably, it is the most commonly diagnosed pathology in more than half of the world's countries.

The incidence of prostate cancer increased significantly in the early 1990s, which was associated with improved diagnostics - the introduction of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing - but subsequently, in the late 1990s, the incidence decreased.

According to data for 2021, prostate cancer in Russia ranked 3rd (15.1%) in the structure of malignant neoplasm morbidity in the male population.

Aim of the study: to study the morbidity and the mortality rates from malignant neoplasms and prostate cancer in the Russian Federation for 2011-2023.

Materials and methods: Database on morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms in Russia and population of the Ministry of Health of Russia (form No. 7) and ROSSTAT for 2011-2023.

Results of the study. Figure 1 shows the prevalence of malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2011-2023 (number of patients per 100 thousand population), whose data are reflected in Figure 1. With great regret, it is necessary to summarise that the prevalence of prostate cancer, as well as all malignant neoplasms in Russia grows annually, so that in 2023, in comparison with 2011 - all malignant neoplasms by 28.7%, and prostate cancer - 39.46%.

These facts can be explained by:

- Ageing of the population, since with the increase in the number of older men (over 65 years old) the number of new cases of prostate cancer increases;

- Improved diagnostics, since in recent years in Russia has been more actively used prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, which contributes to early detection of the disease.