Cancer is a complex disease and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Common types of cancer include breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, and colorectum cancer. Preventive oncology is a discipline that focuses on measures that aim to prevent or delay cancer development. These measures include lifestyle changes, a healthy diet, regular physical activity and exercise, limited alcohol and tobacco consumption, and cancer screening tests.
There are several levels of cancer prevention, including primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primary cancer prevention aims to identify and mitigate cancer-causing factors to prevent the disease from occurring or to delay its progression. Secondary cancer prevention prioritizes early detection and intervention to treat cancer at an early stage. Finally, tertiary prevention focuses on enhancing quality of life and minimizing complications for cancer patients. Preventive oncology services include tobacco cessation programs, annual cancer screening services, and genetic-specific screenings.